Cy Pres lisuka egameni lesiFulentshi elithi “cy pres comme possible,” noma “eduze ngangokunokwenzeka.” Yigama elisetshenziswa emthethweni wama-charitable trusts. Isibonelo, uma inhlangano esiza abantulayo eshiwo encwadini yefa ingasekho, umthetho ungavumela imali yefa ukuthi isetshenziselwe injongo efanayo ngaphansi cy pres imfundiso. Enkantolo yesenzo sekilasi, uma kuzokhokhwa amademeshe kumalungu ekilasi, kwakhiwa isikhwama. Ngemva kokuba izicelo zamalungu ekilasi sezikhokhiwe, ngokuvamile kuba nenani elisele. Esimeni sokuqulwa kwamacala ekilasi, cy pres kuyindlela egunyazwe yinkantolo yokusabalalisa isikhwama somonakalo lapho inhloso yokuqala ingafezeki. Amajaji nabeluleki bekilasi bangancoma ukuthi imali eyinsalela yabelwe ukusetshenziswa “okungcono kakhulu okulandelayo”.
Kuyinto evamile futhi cy pres ikhambi elizosetshenziselwa wonke umklomelo womonakalo osemthethweni lapho inani lomonakalo kulungu ngalinye lekilasi lincane kakhulu ukuthi lingasatshalaliswa. Noma, abathintekayo bangase bavume ukuthi icala kufanele lixazululwe ngenkokhelo evela komele inkampani yangaphandle (okungukuthi, inhlangano esiza abantulayo).
Imithetho yase-Ohio Yenqubo Yomphakathi kanye Nomthetho wase-Ohio awukhodi ukusetshenziswa kwe cy pres izimali ezivela emacaleni esenzo sekilasi, kodwa kunesibonelo kanye nezibonelo ze cy pres ukusatshalaliswa e-Ohio.
Cy pres iguquke ngokushesha kumongo wamacala ezinyathelo zekilasi (owaziwa nangokuthi "imfundiso yokutholwa koketshezi"). Izinkantolo zandise amandla azo okuzikhethela ngaphezu kwemikhawulo emincane yombono “wokusebenzisa okungcono kakhulu okulandelayo”. Namuhla, izinkantolo zivumela ukusatshalaliswa kwe cy pres izimali zezinhlobonhlobo zezizathu zokupha noma ezihlobene nobulungiswa. Cy pres nayo inwetshiwe futhi isetshenziswe kumongo wokusizakala noma umonakalo wokujezisa.
Emalini esele ecaleni lesenzo sekilasi, kunezinketho ezine ijaji elingazenza ngezimali ezisele:
- imali eyengeziwe ibuyiselwa kubamangalelwa
- imali eyengeziwe iya kuhulumeni
- labo ababenezicelo ababetholakala bangathola okwengeziwe
- izimali ezisele zingabekwa ezinhlelweni zokupha ezingasiza ngokungaqondile ikilasi lonke
Cy Pres: Ithuluzi Lobulungiswa
Ngezimali ezisalile ezikhethelwe ezinhlelweni zokupha, kunenzuzo yomphakathi ethuthukisa lawo malungu ekilasi abenelungelo lemali ehlanganisa isikhwama esisalayo, nakuba ayengatholakali.
INkantolo Ephakeme yaseCalifornia State v. Levi Strauss & Co., 715 P.2d 564 (Cal. 1986), kuxoxwe nge cy pres imfundiso njengendlela yokusabalalisa izinzuzo zamacala ekilasini. Mayelana nezimali ezisalayo, inkantolo iphakamise ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokusabalalisa kungaba ukusungula isikhwama sokwethenjwa kwabathengi “esizobamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuvikela abathengi, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo nokumangalelana.” Le ndlela izobeka izimali ekusetshenzisweni kwazo “okungcono kakhulu” ngokunikeza izinzuzo ezingaqondile kumalungu ekilasi elithule kuyilapho iphromotha umthetho okwalethwa ngawo icala. Inkantolo yabona, nokho, ukuthi ukusungula kanye nokuphatha isikhwama esinjalo se-trust kuzobiza nokuthi ezinye izinkantolo zigweme lezi zindleko ngokusabalalisa imali eyinsalela ezinhlanganweni ezizimele.
The ULevi Strauss Inkantolo iyakubona ukubaluleka kwenqubomgomo ethinta ukusetshenziswa kwe cy pres:
Ukuvuselelwa koketshezi kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ipolitiki yokuchithwa noma yokuvimbela iyenzeka. [icashunwe isusiwe.] Ngaphandle kokululama koketshezi, abamangalelwa bangase bavunyelwe ukuba bagcine izinzuzo abazithole ngokungemthetho ngenxa nje yokuthi ukuziphatha kwabo kulimaza inani elikhulu labantu ngamanani amancane esikhundleni senani elincane labantu ngamanani amakhulu.
The ULevi Strauss Ukubamba kwahlanganiswa kamuva, futhi kwanwetshwa eCalifornia Code of Civil Procedure.
Kusukela ULevi Strauss, izigidi zamaRandi ziye zasatshalaliswa ezinhlelweni zokupha nge cy pres ukusatshalaliswa. Ukwengeza, ezinye izifundazwe zamukele ukuqondisa kwemithetho cy pres imiklomelo ezosatshalaliswa ezinsizeni zobugebengu ezihlwempu nezomthetho.
Cy Pres eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Ohio
I-Legal Aid Society yaseCleveland izuze kokuthile okubalulekile cy pres imiklomelo, futhi isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukufundisa ibhentshi nebha mayelana nomthelela wale miklomelo enawo emphakathini.
Cy pres izimali eziqondiswe ku-Legal Aid noma ezinye izinhlelo ezihlobene nobulungiswa eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Ohio zisekela izisulu ezingaziwa zecala lesenzo sekilasi futhi zisekela izinhlelo ezizuzisa isisekelo samakhasimende esikhulu se-Legal Aid. Amakhasimende e-Legal Aid ngabantu abahola kancane. Abantu abahola kancane bavame ukuba yizisulu zemikhuba yabathengi engalungile, ekhohlisayo, ebandlululayo noma ehlukumezayo. I-Legal Aid ivikela asebekhulile, abokufika, abampofu abasebenza kanye nabanye abantu abasengozini ekukhwabaniseni nasekuhlukunyezweni. I-Legal Aid yeluleka abantu abahola kancane mayelana namalungelo nezibopho zabo njengabathengi, futhi ikhuthaza ukubhanga ngendlela efanele kanye nemikhuba yezikweletu kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali emiphakathini entulayo. Cy pres ukusatshalaliswa ku-Legal Aid kugqamisa izindaba zobulungiswa futhi inzuzo emphakathini ihlala njalo.
Unentshisekelo ekufundeni okuningi? Shayela ku-216-861-5217 ukuze nixoxe a cy pres ukusatshalaliswa ku-Legal Aid Society yaseCleveland!
I-Legal Aid iyabonga cy pres izipho ezididiyelwe yilezi zinkampani zomthetho namaqembu:
- Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Arnoff LPP
- Calfee, Halter & Griswold LLP
- Dominion
- Dworken & Bernstein
- UGary, Naegele & Theado LLC
- I-Honor Project
- Abameli base-Ohio Bayabuyisela
- U-Ronald Frederick & Associates Co., LPA
- Ihhovisi Lezomthetho likaSteven M. Weiss
- I-Weltman, Weinberg & Reis Co. LPA
- Wickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.
Izibonelo ze cy pres Izipho eziya ku-Legal Aid zihlanganisa izimali ezisala ezivela:
- 10899 Shagawat v. North Coast Cycles (2012)
- I-Asset Acceptance LLC (2009)
- Bennett v. Weltman (2009)
- I-CNAC v. Claudio (2006)
- I-CRC Rubber & Plastic, Inc. (2013)
- I-FirstMerit Bank v. Clague Settlement (2006)
- I-Garden City Group (2005)
- I-Grange Insurance Charitable Fund (2008)
- Hamilton v. Ohio Savings Bank (2012)
- Hill v. Moneytree (2013)
- I-Hirsch v. Coastal Credit (2012)
- I-Honor Project Trust (2014)
- I-KDW/Copperweld Liquidating Trust (2011)
- I-Richardson v. Credit Depot Corporation (2008)
- I-Royal Maccabees Settlement Fund (2010)
- I-Serpentini Class Action (2009)
- Setliff v. Morris (2012)
- I-United Acceptance, Inc. (2011)