Cy Pres daga kalmar Faransanci"cy pres comme yiwu,” ko kuma “kusa da zai yiwu.” Kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin dokar amintattu. Misali, idan wata sadaka da aka kayyade a cikin za ta daina wanzuwa, doka za ta iya ba da damar yin amfani da kudin kadarorin don irin wannan dalili a karkashin cin pres koyaswar. A cikin shari'ar aikin aji, idan za a yi biyan diyya ga membobin aji, an ƙirƙiri asusu. Bayan an biya iƙirarin ƴan aji, yawanci ana samun ragowar adadin. A cikin mahallin shari'ar aikin aji, cin pres hanyar da kotu ta amince da ita na rarraba asusun lalacewa lokacin da ba a iya cimma ainihin manufar ba. Alƙalai da masu ba da shawara na aji za su iya ba da shawarar cewa a rarraba ragowar kuɗin zuwa “mafi kyau na gaba” amfani.
Hakanan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari cin pres maganin da za a yi amfani da shi don gabaɗayan kyautar lalacewa ta doka lokacin da adadin lalacewa ga kowane ɗan aji ya yi ƙanƙanta da garantin rarrabawa. Ko kuma, ɓangarorin na iya yarda cewa ya kamata a daidaita ƙara ta hanyar biyan kuɗi ga wani ɓangare na uku (watau sadaka).
Dokokin Ohio na Tsarukan Farar Hula da Dokar Ohio ba su tsara amfani da su ba cin pres kudade daga shari'o'in aikin aji, amma akwai abin da ya gabata da misalai na cin pres rabawa a Ohio.
Cy pres ya samo asali da sauri a cikin mahallin shari'ar aikin aji (wanda kuma aka sani da "rukunan dawo da ruwa"). Kotuna sun fadada ikonsu na hankali fiye da kunkuntar iyakar ra'ayi na "mafi kyawun amfani" na gaba. A yau, kotuna sun ba da izinin rarraba cin pres kudade don fannoni daban-daban na sadaka ko dalilai masu alaƙa da adalci. Cy pres Hakanan an faɗaɗa kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin mahallin taimako na ba da izini ko lahani na hukunci.
Don ragowar kuɗaɗe a cikin ƙarar matakin aji, akwai zaɓi huɗu da alkali zai iya yi tare da sauran kuɗin:
- Ana ba da ƙarin kuɗi ga waɗanda ake tuhuma
- karin kudi yana zuwa ga gwamnati
- waɗanda ke da da'awar waɗanda aka gano suna iya samun ƙarin ƙarin
- Za a iya keɓance kuɗaɗen da suka rage zuwa shirye-shiryen agaji waɗanda za su taimaki ajin duka a kaikaice
Cy Pres: Kayan Adalci
Tare da ragowar kuɗaɗen da aka keɓe don shirye-shiryen agaji, akwai fa'ida ta al'umma wacce ke haɓaka ga waɗanda ke da haƙƙin kuɗaɗen wanda ya ƙunshi ragowar asusu, kodayake ba za a iya gano su ba.
Kotun Koli ta California in Jiha v. Levi Strauss & Co., 715 P.2d 564 (Cal. 1986), ya tattauna da cin pres koyarwa a matsayin hanyar rarraba fa'idodin shari'a ga aji. Dangane da ragowar kudaden, kotu ta ba da shawarar cewa mafi kyawun hanyar rarraba ita ce kafa asusun amincewa da mabukaci "wanda zai shiga ayyukan kare lafiyar mabukaci, gami da bincike da shari'a." Wannan hanyar za ta sanya kuɗin zuwa ga “mafi kyau” amfani da su ta hanyar samar da fa'idodi kai tsaye ga membobin aji masu shiru yayin da suke haɓaka ƙa'idar da aka kawo ƙarar. Kotu ta gane, duk da haka, kafa da gudanar da irin wannan asusu na amana zai yi tsada kuma wasu kotuna sun guje wa waɗannan kuɗaɗen ta hanyar rarraba ragowar kuɗin ga ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu.
The Levi Strauss Kotu ta fahimci mahimmancin manufofin da suka shafi amfani da su cin pres:
Farfadowar ruwa na iya zama mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa an aiwatar da siyasar ɓarna ko hanawa. Ba tare da dawo da ruwa ba, ana iya ba wa waɗanda ake tuhuma damar riƙe ribar da aka samu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kawai saboda halinsu ya cutar da adadi mai yawa na mutane kaɗan a maimakon ƙananan mutane da yawa.
The Levi Strauss Riƙe an haɗa shi daga baya, kuma an faɗaɗa shi a cikin Code of Civil Procedure na California.
tun Levi Strauss, an raba miliyoyin daloli ga shirye-shiryen agaji ta hanyar cin pres rabawa. Bugu da ƙari, wasu jahohi sun karɓi umarni na doka cin pres kyaututtukan da za a raba ga ma'aikatan aikata laifuka da na farar hula.
Cy Pres in Northeast Ohio
Ƙungiyar Taimakon Shari'a na Cleveland ta amfana daga wasu muhimman abubuwa cin pres bayar da kyaututtuka, kuma yana aiki koyaushe don ilimantar da benci da mashaya game da tasirin waɗannan lambobin yabo ga al'umma.
Cy pres Kuɗaɗen da aka ba da kai ga Taimakon Shari'a ko wasu shirye-shirye masu alaƙa da adalci a Arewa maso Gabas Ohio suna tallafawa waɗanda ba a san ko su waye ba na shari'ar aikin aji da tallafawa shirye-shirye waɗanda ke amfanar babban abokin ciniki na Legal Aid. Abokan ciniki na Legal Aid mutane ne masu karamin karfi. Mutanen da ba su da kuɗi galibi suna fama da rashin adalci, yaudara, wariya ko ayyukan mabukaci. Taimakon shari'a yana kare tsofaffi, baƙi, matalauta masu aiki da sauran jama'a masu rauni daga zamba da cin zarafi. Legal Aid yana ba masu karamin karfi shawara game da haƙƙinsu da alhakinsu na masu siye, kuma yana haɓaka ayyukan banki na gaskiya da lamuni gami da saka hannun jari a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da ƙarfi. Cy pres Rarrabawa ga Taimakon Shari'a yana nuna al'amuran adalci kuma amfanin al'umma yana dawwama.
Shin kuna sha'awar ƙarin koyo? Kira 216-861-5217 don tattauna a cin pres rarraba zuwa Ƙungiyar Taimakon Shari'a na Cleveland!
Taimakon shari'a yana godiya cin pres kyaututtukan da waɗannan kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyin doka suka haɗa:
- Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Arnoff LPP
- Calfee, Halter & Griswold LLP
- Mulkin mallaka
- Dworken & Bernstein
- Gary, Naegele & Theado LLC
- The Honor Project
- Lauyoyin Ohio Suna Ba Da Baya
- Ronald Frederick & Associates Co., LPA
- Ofishin Shari'a na Steven M. Weiss
- Weltman, Weinberg & Reis Co. LPA. girma
- Wickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.
Misalai na cin pres kyaututtuka ga Taimakon Shari'a sun haɗa da ragowar kuɗi daga:
- 10899 Shagawat v. North Coast Cycles (2012)
- Karɓar Kadara LLC (2009)
- Bennett da Weltman (2009)
- CNAC da Claudio (2006)
- CRC Rubber & Plastic, Inc. (2013)
- FirstMerit Bank v. Clague Settlement (2006)
- Ƙungiya City City (2005)
- Asusun Agaji na Inshorar Grange (2008)
- Hamilton v Ohio Savings Bank (2012)
- Hill v. Moneytree (2013)
- Hirsch v. Coastal Credit (2012)
- Dogara Project Trust (2014)
- KDW/Copperweld Liquidating Trust (2011)
- Richardson v. Credit Depot Corporation (2008)
- Royal Macabees Settlement Fund (2010)
- Ayyukan Class Serpentini (2009)
- Setliff v. Morris (2012)
- United Acceptance, Inc. (2011)