Cy Pres lisuka kwigama lesiFrentshi "cy pres come possible,” okanye “ikufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka.” Ligama elisetyenziswe kumthetho weetrasti zesisa. Umzekelo, ukuba isisa ebesichaziwe kumyolelo akasekho, umthetho unokuvumela ukuba imali yelifa isetyenziselwe injongo efanayo phantsi kwesivumelwano selifa. cy pres imfundiso. Kwityala lenyathelo leklasi, ukuba kuya kubakho intlawulo yomonakalo kumalungu eklasi, ingxowa-mali yenziwa. Emva kokuba amabango amalungu eklasi ehlawulwe, kuye kushiyeke isixa-mali. Kumxholo wokumangalelana kwamanyathelo eklasi, cy pres yindlela evunyiweyo yenkundla yokusasaza ingxowa-mali yomonakalo xa injongo yoqobo ayinakufezekiswa. Abagwebi kunye nabacebisi beklasi banokucebisa ukuba imali eshiyekileyo yabelwe "eyona ndlela ilandelayo" yokusetyenziswa.
Ikwayinto eqhelekileyo kwi cy pres iyeza eliza kusetyenziselwa ukuthotyelwa kwebhaso lomonakalo osemthethweni xa isixa somonakalo kwilungu ngalinye leklasi sincinci kakhulu ukuba sisasazwe. Okanye, amaqela angavuma ukuba ityala kufuneka lisonjululwe ngentlawulo kummeli wesithathu (oko kukuthi, isisa).
Imithetho yaseOhio yeNkqubo yoLuntu kunye noMthetho waseOhio awukhowudi ukusetyenziswa kwe cy pres imali evela kumatyala eklasi, kodwa kukho umzekelo kunye nemizekelo ye cy pres izabelo eOhio.
Cy pres iye yavela ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yamatyala eklasi (ekwaziwa nangokuthi "imfundiso yokubuyisela ulwelo"). Iinkundla ziye zawandisa amagunya azo okukhetha ngaphaya kwemida emxinwa yengcinga “engcono kakhulu elandelayo”. Namhlanje, iinkundla zivumela ukuhanjiswa kwe cy pres imali kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezizathu zesisa okanye ezinxulumene nobulungisa. Cy pres ikwandisiwe kwaye isetyenziswe kumxholo woncedo oluyalelweyo okanye umonakalo wokohlwaya.
Kwiimali ezishiyekileyo kwityala lesenzo seklasi, kukho ukhetho olune ijaji enokuyenza ngemali eseleyo:
- imali eyongezelelweyo ibuyiselwa kubamangalelwa
- imali eyongezelelweyo iya kurhulumente
- abo banamabango afunyenweyo banokufumana okungakumbi
- imali eshiyekileyo inokumiselwa kwiinkqubo zesisa eziya kuthi ngokungangqalanga zincede iklasi yonke
Cy Pres: Isixhobo soBulungisa
Ngemali eshiyekileyo eyenzelwe iinkqubo zesisa, kukho inzuzo yoluntu ethi iphuhliselwe loo malungu eklasi abenelungelo lemali equka intsalela yengxowa-mali, nangona engakhange afumaneke.
INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseCalifornia State v. Levi Strauss & Co., 715 P.2d 564 (Cal. 1986), yaxoxa nge cy pres imfundiso njengendlela yokusasaza izibonelelo zesimangalo eklasini. Ngokuphathelele kwiimali ezishiyekileyo, inkundla yacebisa ukuba eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusasaza iya kuba kukuseka ingxowa-mali yomthengi “eya kuthi ibandakanyeke kwiiprojekthi zokhuseleko lwabathengi, kubandakanya uphando kunye nokumangalelana.” Le ndlela ingenza ukuba imali isetyenziswe “eyona ndlela ilandelayo” ngokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezingathanga ngqo kumalungu eklasi ethuleyo ngelixa ephakamisa umgaqo esiziswe phantsi kwawo isimangalo. Noko ke, inkundla yafumanisa ukuba ukuseka nokulawula loo ngxowa-mali yetrasti kuya kuba yindleko enkulu yaye ezinye iinkundla zaziziphepha ezi ndleko ngokusasaza imali eyintsalela kwimibutho yabucala esekiweyo.
The ULevi Strauss Inkundla ithathela ingqalelo iinkxalabo zomgaqo-nkqubo obalulekileyo okhetha ukusetyenziswa kwe cy pres:
Ukubuyiswa kolwelo kunokuba yimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iipolitiki zokugxothwa okanye ukuthintela ziyafezekiswa. [catshulwa.] Ngaphandle kokuchacha ulwelo, abamangalelwa banokuvunyelwa ukuba bagcine iinzuzo abazifumene ngokungekho mthethweni ngenxa nje yokuba ukuziphatha kwabo kwenzakalisa inani elikhulu labantu ngezixa ezincinane endaweni yamanani amancinane abantu ngezixa ezikhulu.
The ULevi Strauss ukubamba kwahlanganiswa kamva, kwaye kwandiswa kwiKhowudi yaseCalifornia yeNkqubo yoLuntu.
ukusukela ULevi Strauss, izigidi zeerandi ziye zasasazwa kwiinkqubo zesisa ngokusebenzisa cy pres unikezelo. Ukongeza, amanye amazwe amkele ulwalathiso lwemithetho cy pres amabhaso aza kunikezelwa kulwaphulo-mthetho oluhlwempuzekileyo kunye neenkonzo zomthetho zoluntu.
Cy Pres kuMntla-mpuma weOhio
Umbutho woNcedo lwezoMthetho waseCleveland uzuze kwizinto ezibalulekileyo cy pres iimbasa, kwaye isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukufundisa ibhentshi kunye nebar malunga nefuthe la mawonga kuluntu.
Cy pres iimali ezijoliswe kuNcedo lwezoMthetho okanye ezinye iinkqubo ezinxulumene nobulungisa kuMntla-mpuma weOhio zixhasa amaxhoba angaziwayo eklasi yesimangalo kunye nenkxaso yenkqubo ezuzisa iLegal Aid enkulu kwi-client-base. Abathengi beLegal Aid ngabantu abanemivuzo ephantsi. Abantu abafumana imivuzo ephantsi badla ngokuba ngamaxhoba ezenzo zabathengi ezingenabulungisa, ezikhohlisayo, ezicalulayo okanye ezixhaphazayo. ILegal Aid ikhusela abantu abadala, abaphambukeli, abahluphekayo abasebenza kunye nabanye abantu abasesichengeni kubuqhetseba kunye nokuphathwa gadalala. ILegal Aid icebisa abantu abarhola imivuzo ephantsi malunga namalungelo noxanduva lwabo njengabathengi, kwaye ikhuthaza ukubhankisha ngendlela engenamkhethe kunye neendlela zokuthenga ngetyala ngokunjalo notyalo-mali kwiindawo ezihlelelekileyo. Cy pres usasazo kuNcedo lwezoMthetho luqaqambisa imiba yobulungisa kwaye inzuzo eluntwini ihleli.
Unomdla wokufunda ngakumbi? Fowunela 216-861-5217 ukuxoxa a cy pres usasazo kuMbutho woNcedo lwezoMthetho waseCleveland!
Uncedo lwezoMthetho luyabulela cy pres izipho eziququzelelwa yile mizi-mthetho kunye namaqela:
- Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Arnoff LPP
- Calfee, Halter & Griswold LLP
- Imimandla
- UDworken kunye noBernstein
- UGary, uNaegele kunye neTheado LLC
- IProjekthi yokuHlonipha
- AmaGqwetha aseOhio anika umva
- URonald Frederick & Associates Co., LPA
- Iofisi yoMthetho kaSteven M. Weiss
- Weltman, Weinberg & Reis Co. LPA
- Wickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.
Imizekelo cy pres Izipho kuNcedo lwezoMthetho ziquka iimali ezishiyekileyo ezivela:
- 10899 Shagawat v. Imijikelo yoNxweme lwaseMntla (2012)
- Ukwamkelwa kweAsethi LLC (2009)
- Bennett v. Weltman (2009)
- CNAC v. Claudio (2006)
- I-CRC Rubber & Plastic, Inc. (2013)
- FirstMerit Bank v. Clague Settlement (2006)
- Iqela leGarden City (2005)
- IGrange Insurance Charitable Fund (2008)
- Hamilton v. Ohio Savings Bank (2012)
- Hill v. Moneytree (2013)
- Hirsch v. Coastal Credit (2012)
- Honor Project Trust (2014)
- I-KDW/Copperweld Liquidating Trust (2011)
- Richardson v. Credit Depot Corporation (2008)
- Ingxowa-mali yokuHlaliswa kweRoyal Maccabees (2010)
- Intshukumo yeKlasi yeSerpentini (2009)
- Setliff v. Morris (2012)
- Ukwamkelwa okuManyeneyo, Ikhampani (2011)