Cy Pres kubva pashoko rechiFrench "cy pres come possible,” kana kuti “pedyo sezvinobvira.” Iri izwi rinoshandiswa mumutemo wezvipo zverudo. Semuyenzaniso, kana rubatsiro rwakataurwa muwiro chisisipo, mutemo unogona kubvumira mari yeimba kuti ishandiswe sechikonzero chakafanana pasi pemutemo we cy pres dzidziso. Mumatare echiito chekirasi, kana paine kubhadharwa kwekukuvadza kune nhengo dzekirasi, homwe inogadzirwa. Mushure mekunge zvikwereti zvenhengo dzekirasi zvabhadharwa, panowanzosara mari. Muchirevo chenyaya yeclass action litigation, cy pres inzira inotenderwa nedare yekugovera homwe yekukuvadza kana chinangwa chepakutanga chisingagoni kuwanikwa. Vatongi nevamiriri vekirasi vanogona kurumbidza kuti mari yasara igoverwe kune "inotevera yakanakisisa" kushandiswa.
Izvo zvakare zvakajairika kune iyo cy pres mushonga unoshandiswa pahuwandu hwemubairo wekukuvadzwa kwemutemo kana huwandu hwekukuvadza kune nhengo yekirasi yega yega iri diki zvakanyanya kugovera mvumo. Kana, mapato anogona kubvumirana kuti nyaya inofanirwa kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekubhadhara kune mumiriri wechitatu bato (kureva, rubatsiro).
Ohio Mitemo yeCivil Procedure uye Ohio Mutemo haigadzirise mashandisirwo e cy pres mari kubva kumatare edzimhosva, asi pane muenzaniso uye mienzaniso ye cy pres kugoverwa muOhio.
Cy pres yakashanduka nekukurumidza mumamiriro emhosva dzekirasi (inozivikanwawo se "dzidziso yekudzoreredza mvura"). Matare akawedzera masimba avo ekusarudza kupfuura miganhu yakamanikana ye "inotevera kushandiswa kwakanyanya" pfungwa. Nhasi, matare anobvumira kugoverwa kwe cy pres mari yezvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana zvekubatsira kana zvine chekuita nekururamisira. Cy pres yakawedzerwawo uye yakashandiswa mumamiriro ekudzivirira kana kukuvadzwa kwechirango.
Pamari yakasara mumatare edzimhosva, pane sarudzo ina dzinogona kuitwa nemutongi nemari yasara:
- imwe mari inodzoserwa kune vanopomerwa mhosva
- mari yakawedzerwa inoenda kuhurumende
- avo vaiva nezvikwereti vakanga varipo vaigona kugamuchira zvishoma
- mari yakasara yaigona kuiswa kuzvirongwa zvekubatsira izvo zvingabatsira kirasi yose zvisina kunanga
Cy Pres: Chishandiso cheRuramisiro
Nemari yakasara yakarongedzerwa kuzvirongwa zvekubatsira, pane rubatsiro rwemagariro rwunotanga kune iyo nhengo yekirasi yaive nekodzero yekuwana mari inoumba yakasara homwe, kunyangwe ivo vasina kuwanikwa.
Dare Repamusorosoro reCalifornia mu State v. Levi Strauss & Co., 715 P.2d 564 (Cal. 1986), yakakurukura cy pres dzidziso senzira yekugovera mabhenefiti ematare kukirasi. Panyaya yemari yakasara, dare rakapa zano kuti nzira yakanakisa yekugovera ingave yekumisikidza homwe yevatengi "inozopinda mumapurojekiti ekuchengetedza vatengi, kusanganisira kutsvagisa uye kumatare." Iyi nzira yaizoisa mari pakushandisa kwavo “kwakanakisisa” nekupa mabhenefiti asina kunanga kunhengo dzekirasi dzakanyarara apo vachisimudzira mutemo wakaunzwa sutu. Dare rakaziva, zvisinei, kuti kutanga nekutungamira homwe yetrust yakadai kwaizodhura uye kuti mamwe matare akadzivira mitengo iyi nekugovera mari yakasara kumasangano akazvimiririra.
The Levi Strauss Dare rinobvuma kukosha kwemutemo zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwe cy pres:
Kudzoreredza kwemvura kunogona kuve kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvematongerwo enyika ekubvisa kana kudzivirira zvaitwa. [kududzwa kwasiiwa.] Pasina kudzoreredzwa kwemvura, vanopomerwa vangabvumirwa kuchengeta zvakawanwa zvisiri izvo nemhaka bedzi yokuti mufambiro wavo wakakuvadza nhamba huru dzavanhu muzvitsama zvishoma panzvimbo penhamba duku dzavanhu muzvitsama zvikuru.
The Levi Strauss kubata kwakazonyorwa, uye kwakawedzerwa muCalifornia Code yeCivil Procedure.
kubva Levi Strauss, mamiriyoni emadhora akagoverwa kuzvirongwa zvekubatsira kuburikidza cy pres distributions. Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nyika dzakatora mutemo unotungamira cy pres mibairo ichagovaniswa kune vanoshaya mhosva nevehurumende mabasa emutemo.
Cy Pres muNortheast Ohio
The Legal Aid Society yeCleveland yakabatsirwa nezvimwe zvakakosha cy pres mibairo, uye inoshanda nguva dzose kudzidzisa bhenji uye bar nezve mabatiro ane mibairo iyi munharaunda.
Cy pres mari yakanangidzirwa kuLegal Aid kana zvimwe zvirongwa zvine chekuita nekururamisira muNortheast Ohio inotsigira avo vasingazivikanwe vakabatwa nekirasi chiitiko uye inotsigira hurongwa hunobatsira Legal Aid yakakura mutengi-base. Vatengi veLegal Aid vanhu vane mari shoma. Vanhu vane mari shoma vanowanzova vanyajambwa vekusaruramisira, unyengeri, rusarura kana utsinye hwevatengi. Legal Aid inodzivirira vakwegura, vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, varombo vanoshanda uye vamwe vanhu vanotambura kubva pakubiridzirwa nekushungurudzwa. Legal Aid inopa mazano kune vanhu vane mari shoma nezvekodzero nemabasa avo sevatengi, uye inokurudzira kubhengi kwakanaka uye maitiro echikwereti pamwe nekudyara munharaunda dzinotambura. Cy pres kugoverwa kuLegal Aid kunoburitsa nyaya dzehutongi uye pundutso kunharaunda inogara kwenguva refu.
Kuda kudzidza zvakawanda? Dana 216-861-5217 kuti ukurukure a cy pres kuparadzirwa kuThe Legal Aid Society yeCleveland!
Legal Aid ndinotenda nazvo cy pres zvipo zvinorongwa nemafemu emutemo aya nemapoka:
- Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Arnoff LPP
- Calfee, Halter & Griswold LLP
- Dominion
- Dworken & Bernstein
- Gary, Naegele & Theado LLC
- Iyo Honor Project
- Magweta eOhio Anodzorera
- Ronald Frederick & Associates Co., LPA
- Law Hofisi yaSteven M. Weiss
- Weltman, Weinberg & Reis Co. LPA
- Wickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.
Mienzaniso ye cy pres zvipo kuLegal Aid zvinosanganisira mari yasara kubva:
- 10899 Shagawat v. North Coast Cycles (2012)
- Asset Acceptance LLC (2009)
- Bennett v. Weltman (2009)
- CNAC v. Claudio (2006)
- CRC Rubber & Plastic, Inc. (2013)
- FirstMerit Bank v. Clague Settlement (2006)
- Garden City Group (2005)
- Grange Inishuwarenzi Charitable Fund (2008)
- Hamilton v. Ohio Savings Bank (2012)
- Hill v. Moneytree (2013)
- Hirsch v. Coastal Credit (2012)
- Honor Project Trust (2014)
- KDW/Copperweld Liquidating Trust (2011)
- Richardson v. Credit Depot Corporation (2008)
- Royal Maccabees Settlement Fund (2010)
- Serpentini Kirasi Chiito (2009)
- Setliff v. Morris (2012)
- United Acceptance, Inc. (2011)