Yakanyorwa naMason Pesek naCorinne Huntley muCrain's Cleveland Bhizinesi pa08/27/2020.
Musi waChikumi 15, Dare Repamusorosoro reUS rakapa mutongo waro unokosha muBostock v. Clayton County, iyo yakawedzera dziviriro yeTitle VII yenzvimbo yebasa kuvashandi veLGTBQ+. Sarudzo iyi inoziviswa sekukunda kwevashandi, sezvo vashandirwi vasingachakwanise kusarura pachena vashandi veLGBTQ +. Nekudaro, hapana chinomisa mushandirwi kudzinga mushandi mumwechete iyeye nekuda kwekusava "tsika yakakodzera," kana chimwe chikonzero chisina kujeka. Iyo "at-will" yebasa mwero - inova yakajairwa kuvashandi munzvimbo dzisiri dzebasa - inobvumira vashandirwi kudzinga vashandi chero chikonzero (nezvishoma zvisiri pamutemo). Kusvika pa-kuzopera basa sechiyero muOhio uye munyika yedu yese, dziviriro inorwirwa nevamhan'ari muClayton County, uye kufamba kuseri kwavo, hakugone kuzadzikiswa zvizere.
Muyero weku-kuda basa wakava muitiro wepamutemo panguva yaizivikanwa seSupreme Court's Lochner nguva mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20. Panguva iyoyo, Dare Repamusorosoro raiona rusununguko rwekuita chibvumirano chinenge chitsvene, uye kuedza kuumba mitemo yekushanda ine hunhu, inotevedzwa nemutemo, yakadai sekudzora kushandiswa kwevana kana kugadza muripo wepasi, yakadzingwa seyaitadzisa vanhu kuita kondirakiti. Zvizhinji zvesarudzo uye nharo dzenguva yeLochner dzave zvigadzirwa zvekare, asi chiyero che-chido chechibvumirano chebasa chinoramba chiri chiyero chenyika.
Zvakati wandei zvekutonga nemutemo zvinosiya kune-kuchave basa zvakakura mumakore makumi matanhatu apfuura, senge kurwisa rusarura, kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yebasa, uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuridza muridzo, asi izvi zvakasara zvidiki uye zvinoshandiswa zvisingaenderani. Uyezve, vashandi vanotakura mutoro wekuratidza kuti kubviswa kwavo kwakakonzerwa nekutaura kwavo kodzero yakachengetedzwa. Izvi zvidziviriro zvishoma zvinoita kuti United States ive kunze kwenyika pakati pevezera rayo, seGermany neUnited Kingdom, idzo dzakaramba mwero we-pa-kuda basa uye dzakatora dziviriro yakasimba yevashandi.
Iyo at-will standard inopa njodzi kune vese vashandi nevashandirwi. Vashandi vanoona kusaenzana kwesimba kwakakomba munzvimbo yebasa. Mafungiro ekukurumidza kupfurwa kwe "chikonzero chakanaka, chikonzero chakaipa, kana kuti pasina chikonzero" chinotambudza vashandi, sezvo vachifanira kuyera njodzi dzekutaura pamusoro pemukuru anoshungurudza, nzvimbo yebasa isina kuchengetedzeka, kana kusarura kana mitemo kubasa pamwe nekukwanisa kugumisa kamwe kamwe. Mushandi anogona kumhan’ara kuEqual Employment Opportunity Commission, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, kana National Labor Relations Board, asi zvinogona kutora mwedzi (kana kunyange makore) chikumbiro chisati chagadziriswa. Kupfuurirazve, kana chikumbiro chemushandi chikabudirira, mishonga yacho kazhinji haisati iri yakawanda zvikuru kupfuura mbama pachanza kumushandirwi.
Iyo at-chido dzidziso inogona zvakare kuve nengozi kune vashandirwi. At-kuda basa rinowedzera njodzi yekuti vaimbove vashandi vanopomera mushandirwi nekumisa zvisirizvo. At-kuda basa rinoodza mwoyo vashandi kubva pakusimudza zvinonetsa pamusoro pemaneja kana mutariri, nekutya kuti kusimudza nyaya kuchaita kuti mushandi agumiswe. Vashandirwi vanogonawo kutarisana nemhosva kubva kune vatungamiri vakaipa vanoita zvisarudzo zvekugumisa pasina chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunzwa kwavo pamusoro pemushandi.
Kusiyana neizvi, pfungwa huru ye "chikonzero chakanaka" chiyero chebasa ndechokuti mushandirwi anofanira kukwanisa kuratidza kuti kugumisa kwakarurama. Zvikonzero zvinongokonzeresa kuregedzwa zvinogona kusanganisira kusaenda kubasa kusingabvumirwe, kudzokororwa kutyora mutemo wekambani, kana hunhu hwekushungurudza vamwe vashandi. Semuenzaniso, mushandirwi angadai aine chikonzero chekupisa mushandi ane rekodhi yakasimbiswa yekutyora kwechirango, asi mushandirwi uyu haachagone kupembedza kugumiswa kwemushandi akamhan'arira maneja nekuda kwekuda kuita zvepabonde kusingadiwe kana akashandisa zviri pamutemo. kodzero yekuronga mubatanidzwa nekutaura kuti mushandi anga asiri "akakodzera" pachinzvimbo. Chikonzero chakanaka chinozobatsirawo vashandirwi kubvisa zvingangove zvisina maturo nevaimbova vashandi nekuona kuti mushandi akamiswa nechikonzero chakanaka. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chikonzero chakanaka chinogadzira nzvimbo dzakachengeteka uye dzine hutongi hwejekerere kune vashandi vachiri kupa vashandirwi simba rekumisa vashandi zvichibva pane zvinonzwisisika uye zviyero.
Yave nguva refu yapfuura iyo United States inojoinha vezera rayo uye inotora chiyero chenyika chechikonzero chebasa. Kodzero nezvinonetsa zvevashandi zvakafanirwa netarisiro yakakura uye kutariswa sezvakangoita vashandirwi vavo, sezvinofanira kuratidza mupimo wedu wezvibvumirano zvebasa. Vamhan'ari muClayton County vakakunda kukunda kukuru kwevashandi, asi isu tinofanira kuenderera mberi nekurwira nzvimbo dzebasa chete.
Dzvanya apa kuti uverenge chinyorwa chizere muCrain's Cleveland Bhizinesi.