Cy Pres limachokera ku liwu lachi French "cy pres comme zotheka,” kapena “pafupi kwambiri.” Awa ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malamulo a chifundo chandalama. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chithandizo chomwe chinanenedwa mu chiwongoladzanja sichikupezekanso, lamulo likhoza kulola kuti ndalama za malowo zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa cholinga chomwecho pansi pa cy pres chiphunzitso. M'makalasi amilandu, ngati payenera kukhala malipiro a kuwonongeka kwa mamembala a m'kalasi, thumba limapangidwa. Zopempha za mamembala zikalipidwa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ndalama zotsalira. Pankhani ya milandu ya class action, cy pres ndi njira yovomerezeka ya khoti yogawa thumba lachiwonongeko pamene cholinga choyambirira sichingakwaniritsidwe. Oweruza ndi aphungu a m'kalasi angalimbikitse kuti ndalama zotsalira zigawidwe "njira yabwino kwambiri".
Ndi wamba kwa cy pres Thandizo loti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pa mphotho yonse ya kuwonongeka kwalamulo pamene kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka kwa membala aliyense m'kalasi ndizochepa kwambiri kuti zigawidwe. Kapena, maphwando angavomereze kuti mlandu uyenera kuthetsedwa mwa kulipira kwa woyimilira gulu lachitatu (ie, chithandizo).
Malamulo a Ohio a Civil Procedure ndi Ohio Law samaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito cy pres ndalama kuchokera ku milandu yamagulu, koma pali chitsanzo ndi zitsanzo za cy pres zogawa ku Ohio.
Cy pres zasintha mwachangu pamilandu yamilandu (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "chiphunzitso cha kuchira kwamadzi"). Makhothi akulitsa mphamvu zawo zanzeru kupitilira malire a "ntchito yabwino yotsatira". Masiku ano, makhoti amalola kugawa cy pres ndalama zothandizira zachifundo zosiyanasiyana kapena zokhudzana ndi chilungamo. Cy pres imakulitsidwanso ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chithandizo chodziletsa kapena kuwonongeka kwa chilango.
Pazandalama zotsala pamilandu yamilandu, pali zisankho zinayi zomwe woweruza angachite ndi ndalama zotsalazo:
- ndalama zowonjezera zimaperekedwa kwa oimbidwa mlandu
- ndalama zowonjezera zimapita ku boma
- omwe ali ndi zodandaula zomwe adapezeka atha kulandila zowonjezera
- ndalama zotsalira zikhoza kuperekedwa ku mapulogalamu achifundo omwe angathandize kalasi yonse
Cy Pres: Chida Chachilungamo
Ndi ndalama zotsalira zomwe zimaperekedwa ku mapulogalamu achifundo, pali phindu lamagulu lomwe limaperekedwa kwa mamembala omwe ali ndi ufulu wopeza ndalama zomwe zimapanga thumba lotsalira, ngakhale kuti sangapezeke.
Khothi Lalikulu la California ku State v. Levi Strauss & Co., 715 P.2d 564 (Cal. 1986), anakambirana za cy pres chiphunzitso monga njira yogawira mapindu a milandu kwa kalasi. Pankhani ya ndalama zotsalira, khothi linanena kuti njira yabwino yogawa ingakhale kukhazikitsa thumba la trust trust "lomwe lingagwire ntchito zoteteza ogula, kuphatikiza kafukufuku ndi milandu." Njira imeneyi ipangitsa kuti ndalamazo zigwiritsidwe ntchito “motsatira bwino” popereka phindu kwa anthu a m'kalasi osalankhula kwinaku akulimbikitsa lamulo lomwe mlanduwo udabweretsedwa. Komabe, khotilo linazindikira kuti kukhazikitsa ndi kupereka thumba la trustee kungawononge ndalama zambiri ndipo makhoti ena amapewa ndalamazi pogawira ndalama zotsalira ku mabungwe omwe akhazikitsidwa.
The Levi Strauss Khoti limazindikira mfundo zofunika kwambiri zokomera kugwiritsa ntchito cy pres:
Kubwezeretsanso kwamadzi kungakhale kofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ndale za kusokoneza kapena kuletsa kukwaniritsidwa. [kutchulidwa kosiyidwa.] Popanda kuchira kwamadzimadzi, oimbidwa mlandu angaloledwe kusunga zopindula zomwe anapeza molakwika chifukwa chakuti khalidwe lawo linavulaza anthu ambiri pamlingo wochepa m’malo mwa anthu oŵerengeka ochuluka.
The Levi Strauss Kugwira kudasinthidwa pambuyo pake, ndikukulitsidwa ku California Code of Civil Procedure.
Popeza Levi Strauss, mamiliyoni a madola aperekedwa ku mapulogalamu achifundo kupyolera cy pres zogawa. Kuphatikiza apo, mayiko ena atengera malamulo owongolera cy pres Mphotho zoperekedwa kwa anthu osauka ndi mabungwe azamalamulo.
Cy Pres ku Northeast Ohio
Bungwe la Legal Aid Society of Cleveland lapindula ndi zina zofunika cy pres mphoto, ndipo akugwira ntchito mosalekeza kuphunzitsa benchi ndi bala za momwe mphothozi zimakhudzira anthu ammudzi.
Cy pres Ndalama zopita ku Legal Aid kapena mapulogalamu ena okhudzana ndi chilungamo kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Ohio zimathandizira ozunzidwa osadziwika pamilandu yamagulu ndikuthandizira mapulogalamu omwe amapindulitsa makasitomala akuluakulu a Legal Aid. Makasitomala a Legal Aid ndi anthu opeza ndalama zochepa. Anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa nthawi zambiri amazunzidwa ndi zinthu zopanda chilungamo, zachinyengo, zatsankho kapena zodyera anthu ogula. Legal Aid imateteza okalamba, othawa kwawo, osauka ogwira ntchito ndi anthu ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo ku chinyengo ndi nkhanza. Legal Aid imalangiza anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa za ufulu ndi udindo wawo monga ogula, ndipo imalimbikitsa machitidwe a mabanki ndi ngongole komanso kuyika ndalama m'madera ovutika. Cy pres kugawa kwa Legal Aid kumawunikira nkhani zachilungamo ndipo phindu kwa anthu ndi lokhalitsa.
Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri? Imbani 216-861-5217 kuti mukambirane a cy pres kugawira ku The Legal Aid Society of Cleveland!
Legal Aid ndiwoyamikira cy pres mphatso zoyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe azamalamulo ndi magulu awa:
- Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Arnoff LPP
- Calfee, Halter & Griswold LLP
- Ulamuliro
- Dworken ndi Bernstein
- Gary, Naegele & Theado LLC
- The Honor Project
- Ma Lawyers aku Ohio Abwezeranso
- Ronald Frederick & Associates Co., LPA
- Ofesi ya Law ya Steven M. Weiss
- Weltman, Weinberg & Reis Co. LPA
- Wickens, Herzer, Panza, Cook & Batista Co.
Zitsanzo za cy pres mphatso za Legal Aid zikuphatikiza ndalama zotsalira zochokera ku:
- 10899 Shagawat v. North Coast Cycles (2012)
- Asset Acceptance LLC (2009)
- Bennett v. Weltman (2009)
- CNAC v. Claudio (2006)
- CRC Rubber & Plastic, Inc. (2013)
- FirstMerit Bank v. Clague Settlement (2006)
- Garden City Group (2005)
- Grange Insurance Charitable Fund (2008)
- Hamilton v. Ohio Savings Bank (2012)
- Phiri v. Moneytree (2013)
- Hirsch v. Coastal Credit (2012)
- Honor Project Trust (2014)
- KDW/Copperweld Liquidating Trust (2011)
- Richardson v. Credit Depot Corporation (2008)
- Royal Macbees Settlement Fund (2010)
- Serpentini Class Action (2009)
- Setliff v. Morris (2012)
- United Acceptance, Inc. (2011)